Showing posts with label Tefila. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Tefila. Show all posts

Thursday, June 17, 2010

Making Prayer Count

By Daniel D. Stuhlman, DHL
If we think of davaning as an obligation, we leave ourselves open to “speed davaning” and “catching up.” If davaning is just an obligation, one could just hurry to mumble the words and complete the motions. We should look upon daily prayer as a discipline. As a discipline we have an opportunity to vary how we concentrate on aspects of prayer based on mood, time, or surroundings. The experience could change often. As a discipline we have to be regular participants and learners. Everyday we have an opportunity to make the experience special for ourselves and the people around us. Sometimes the experience is better than other days just as some days we arrive at shul in different moods and stages of wakefulness. The more often we davan, the more the words and feelings become part of our inner selves.

As an old text, the words of prayer are not always understood. The meanings could change based on what we know or feel. Sometimes regular attendees of the daily and Shabbat minyan say the words of prayer, but have little conception of the meanings and connotations of the words or the prayers. One’s teachers could have made you memorize every single Hebrew word and its translation, but that is not the way to understand and feel tephilah.

Tephilah is both the communication with God and with your inner self. Tephilah is a way to change yourself, to get going in the morning, to put some divine meaning into the routine of life, or to understand personal struggles.

Tephillah thanks, affirms, praises, requests, and connects us to God. Prayer is more than the liturgy of the siddur and the minhag of the service. Tephilah happens on the personal, communal and divine levels. Sometimes these levels happen to us all in the same service and sometimes we only experience some. We recite the words so that we can hear ourselves and yet not disturb our neighbors. We shake or sway to get the body to participate in the words. The lexical meanings of the words are but one part of the experience. Anyone can be taught the words; it takes a real expert to understand the spaces between the words. When one finishes the amidah, the silence before the hazzan starts the repetition is part of the prayer experience. This silence, called meditation by some, is the silent time when you allow the mind to open up to God’s message. It is the time we wait for an answer.

Silence gives us a break from the words, song, and chatter around us. We not only have to say the words of the liturgy, we have to listen to the answers. Silence is a gift to ourselves indicating that we are more than our social life. Silence is a partner with the liturgy and the social experience of the minyan. Silence banishes external distractions and helps create an inner calm. This inner calm or meditation becomes a partner to establish a clear communication with God and our inner self.

I look forward to listening, visiting, and talking with you after services, at kiddish, in a class, or online. If that is not possible, silence will be sufficient.

Thursday, September 17, 2009

Chana's Prayer and Disruptive Davening on Rosh Hashana

Throughout the year when we pray, the centerpiece of our tefilot is the Shemoneh Esrei, the Silent Devotion. We stand in silent prayer as we praise God, ask Him for things we and the Jewish people desperately need and thank Him for all that He has done and continues to do for us on a daily basis. It might then come as surprise that Rabbi Yosef Karo codifies in his Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 582:9) the following halacha:
אף על פי שכל ימות השנה מתפללים בלחש, בראש השנה ויום הכפורים נוהגין לומר בקול רם. ולהטעות לא חיישינן, כיון שמצויים בידם מחזורים
Even though throughout the rest of the year we pray silently, on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur it is customary to utter [the prayers] aloud. And we are not concerned that this will cause others to make a mistake because they have machzorim (prayer books) in their hands.


It is apparent from Rabbi Karo's ruling that in his day (16th century) people did not regularly daven with siddurim. It was only during the High Holidays, when people were unfamiliar with the prayers that it was customary for everyone to have their own prayer book; people were more susceptible to make mistakes in their tefilot when they prayed by heart so it was prohibited to daven out loud, lest you break another person's concentration. However on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur when everyone had machzorim, people would not lose their place in tefila if they heard someone else praying out loud.
Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan in his Mishna Berura (582:20) explains why one would raise their voice especially on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur,

מפני שעי"ז יוכלו להתפלל יותר בכונה ומ"מ לא יגביה קולו יותר מדאי
For through this (raising one's voice) one can daven with more kavanah (intent). Nevertheless, one should not raise their voice more than necessary.


Nowadays even when people use siddurim year round the custom is to never raise one's voice during the silent Amidah because it is seen as a distraction and perhaps even as a display of arrogance.
One could make a strong case for praying silently, especially on Rosh Hashana. On the first day of Rosh Hashana we read of the birth of Shmuel. His mother, Chana, barren and desperate for a child turned to God in prayer. The Navi tells us (Shmuel I 1:13),

וחנה היא מדברת על לבה רק שפתיה נעות וקולה לא ישמע
Chana was speaking to her heart, only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard...

The Gemara (Brachot 31a) learns the following halacha from this pasuk,
רק שפתיה נעות - מכאן למתפלל שיחתוך בשפתיו. וקולה לא ישמע - מכאן, שאסור להגביה קולו בתפלתו.
'Only her lips moved' - from here we learn that one who prays should mouth the words with their lips.
'But her voice was not heard' - from here we learn that it is prohibited to raise one's voice during their tefila

These halachot refer to specifically to the recitation of the Shemoneh Esrei. We learn these laws, along with many others, from Chana's successful prayer. Rabbi Kagan writes in the Mishna Berura (584:6) that we read about Chana on Rosh Hashana because Hashem remembered her on that day and enabled her to conceive. Perhaps this is the reason why the custom has remained for people not to raise their voices during tefila even on Rosh Hashana, for it would seem inappropriate to deviate from the rules we learn about prayer from Chana on the very day her prayers were answered.